Copepod colonization of natural and artificial substrates in a salt marsh pool     

Eileen Cummings  Ernest Ruber 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1987,25(6)

Pre-weighed packets of Spartina alterniflora and of plastic (polypropylene) twine were placed in a salt marsh pool and recovered on 40 dates spanning 14 months. New packets were placed out regularly to provide a contrast with ageing material. Twelve species of copepods were extracted, counted, and identified. Dry weight and Kjeldahl-nitrogen were determined for Spartina packets.Eight species of copepods, Amphiascus pallidus, Onychocamptus mohammed, Cletocamptus deitersei, Halicyclops sp., Harpacticus chelifer, Mesochra lilljeborgii, Metis jousseaumei and Nitocra sp. were found in higher densities on old grass or plastic packets than on new. The quantity of material was important in that the relative attractiveness of old grass was much lower early in the second year when 7–15% dw and 0·7% nitrogen remained than early in the first year when over 60% dw and 2·0% nitrogen remained. Old plastic polypropylene was equally or more attractive than old grass to 7 of 8 species, therefore, nitrogen decline in old grass was not the factor making it less attractive. Once aged, the quantity of substrate was more important than its quality. Apparently, this is due to colonization by microflora or settlement of detritus but these were not studied. The four clear exceptions to these trends were Darcythompsonia fairliensis and Eurytemora affinis which showed highest densities 72% and 50% of the time in new grass, Apocyclops spartinus with 70% in grass and equal numbers between old and new packets and Acartia tonsa a bay calanoid with 82% of highest densities in the water column and only two occurrences out of 40 dates in the packets.  相似文献   

河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)粘液的趋化和粘附作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

鄢庆枇  邹文政  纪荣兴  义家波 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(4)

采用生长曲线法测定了河流弧菌在牙鲆表皮、鳃和肠粘液中的生长情况，结果表明，河流弧菌在3种粘液中都能生长，生长前期符合Logistic模型，然后进入Gompertz模型，在鳃粘液中的生长量高于肠粘液和表皮粘液。采用毛细管法研究了河流弧菌对牙鲆3种粘液的趋化作用，结果表明，河流弧菌对牙鲆3种粘液具有较强的趋化应答，在粘液总蛋白含量相同的情况下，河流弧菌对牙鲆鳃粘液的趋化应答显著强于对表皮粘液的趋化应答（P〈0．05），而对肠粘液的趋化应答极显著低于对鳃粘液和表皮粘液的趋化应答（P〈0．01）。采用^3H—TdR示踪法进行了河流弧菌对牙鲆3种粘液的粘附作用研究，结果表明，河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液和鳃粘液的粘附率较高，而对肠粘液的粘附率较低，特别是孵育30、60和90min时河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液和鳃粘液的粘附率显著高于对肠粘液的粘附率（P〈0．05）。这些结果表明，河流弧菌能够在牙鲆粘液，尤其是鳃粘液中生长和定植，有利于其进一步感染、致病。  相似文献   

古代深海底质氧控的遗迹化石群落   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

晋慧娟  李育慈  方国庆 《沉积学报》2003,21(1):75-80

通过中国 9个深海沉积区近 2 0条研究剖面的沉积地质学和古遗迹学的研究 ,获得了判别深海底质遗迹化石群落与含氧量关系的几点认识 :1深海贫氧的底质中因相对含氧量的差异 ,其代表性的遗迹化石组合也不尽相同。以Megagrapton,Paleodictyon和 Protopaleodictyon为代表的 A组合 ,以 Scalarituba和 Phycosiphon为代表的 B组合 ,和以 Chondrites和 Zoophyeos为代表的 C组合 ,所指示贫氧底质中的溶解氧含量 ,是随组合的不同而依次降低 ;2遗迹化石潜穴的粗细通常与底质含氧量呈正相关 ,即潜穴直径随含氧量降低而变细 ;3遗迹化石的分异度随底质含氧量降低而变低 ;4应用个别遗迹化石属判识贫氧环境要慎重 ,如 Chondrites或者 Zoophycos,不能不加分析地视为贫氧环境的遗迹化石标志 ,应结合多种因素综合分析后 ,才能得出更符合客观实际的认识。  相似文献   

New and important roles for DMSP in marine microbial communities   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. P. Kiene  L. J. Linn  J. A. Bruton   《Journal of Sea Research》2000,43(3-4)

The algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is recognised as the major precursor of marine dimethylsulfide (DMS), a volatile sulfur compound that affects atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Recent studies, using ³⁵S-DMSP tracer techniques, suggest that DMSP may play additional very important roles in the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of the surface ocean. DMSP may serve as an intracellular osmolyte in bacteria that take up phytoplankton-derived DMSP from seawater. In addition, DMSP appears to support from 1 to 13% of the bacterial carbon demand in surface waters, making it one of the most significant single substrates for bacterioplankton so far identified. Furthermore, the sulfur from DMSP is efficiently incorporated into bacterial proteins (mostly into methionine) and DMSP appears to be a major source of sulfur for marine bacterioplankton. Assimilatory metabolism of DMSP is via methanethiol (MeSH) that is produced by a demethylation/demethiolation pathway which dominates DMSP degradation in situ. Based on the linkage between assimilatory metabolism of DMSP and bacterial growth, we offer a hypothesis whereby DMSP availability to bacteria controls the production of DMS by the competing DMSP lyase pathway. Also linked with the assimilatory metabolism of DMSP is the production of excess MeSH which, if not assimilated into protein, reacts to form dissolved non-volatile compounds. These include sulfate and DOM–metal–MeSH complexes, both of which represent major short-term end-products of DMSP degradation. Because production rates of MeSH in seawater are high (3–90 nM d⁻¹), reaction of MeSH with trace metals could affect metal availability and chemistry in seawater. Overall, results of recent studies provide evidence that DMSP plays important roles in the carbon, sulfur and perhaps metal and DOM cycles in marine microbial communities. These findings, coupled with the fact that the small fraction of DMSP converted to DMS may influence atmospheric chemistry and climate dynamics, draws attention to DMSP as a molecule of central importance to marine biogeochemical and ecological processes.  相似文献   

Effect of jet boats on salmon eggs     

A.J. Sutherland  D.G. Ogle 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):273-282

The passage of jet boats through spawning areas can kill salmon eggs buried in the river bed. By using a jet boat on the Ashley River the pressure gradients created in a redd were determined. At the maximum boat speed investigated (11 m.s^‐1) gradients up to 9.32 kPa.m^‐1 were recorded. The induced water velocities through the gravel were then estimated from the equation of motion and reproduced in a gravel‐filled tube in the laboratory. For the test conditions discharge velocities ranged from 0.18–0.3 m.s‐¹. Studies of the effect of these flows on salmon eggs revealed fatality rates of up to 40% at their most critical stage on the ninth day of development.  相似文献   

Residency,site fidelity and habitat use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) at an offshore wind farm using acoustic telemetry     

《Marine environmental research》2013

Because offshore wind energy development is fast growing in Europe it is important to investigate the changes in the marine environment and how these may influence local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. One of the species affected by these ecosystem changes is Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a heavily exploited, commercially important fish species. In this research we investigated the residency, site fidelity and habitat use of Atlantic cod on a temporal scale at windmill artificial reefs in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Acoustic telemetry was used and the Vemco VR2W position system was deployed to quantify the movement behaviour. In total, 22 Atlantic cod were tagged and monitored for up to one year. Many fish were present near the artificial reefs during summer and autumn, and demonstrated strong residency and high individual detection rates. When present within the study area, Atlantic cod also showed distinct habitat selectivity. We identified aggregation near the artificial hard substrates of the wind turbines. In addition, a clear seasonal pattern in presence was observed. The high number of fish present in summer and autumn alternated with a period of very low densities during the winter period.  相似文献   

潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生及其对硫酸盐响应研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王维奇  曾从盛  仝川 《地理科学》2010,30(1):157-160

综述了潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生及其对硫酸盐还原过程响应的最新研究进展。潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生除竞争性底物醋酸和二氧化碳/氢气外,甲胺、三甲胺、甲醇和甲硫氨酸等非竞争性底物同样十分重要;潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生潜力较低;硫酸盐对甲烷产生抑制作用明显;底物、硫酸盐浓度、温度与pH值均对硫酸盐抑制甲烷产生过程产生影响,此外,潮汐、盐分、菌种数量与活性也是影响甲烷产生过程主要因子。  相似文献   

Benthic coverage and bottom topography of coral reef environment over Pirotan reef,Gulf of Kachchh region,India     

Mohit Arora  Nandini Ray Chaudhury  Ramesh Chander Patel 《国际地球制图》2019,34(10):1089-1097

Remote sensing measurements in coral reef environments commonly confront the problem of overlying atmosphere and modification of spectral signal due to water column over the bottom substrates. In order to correct these problems, hyperspectral observations offer an advantage over multispectral observations. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data from Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer- Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor was acquired during low tidal condition on 14 February 2016 at Pirotan reef, Gulf of Kachchh region, India. The objective of this study is to map benthic coverage and bottom topography over Pirotan reef. The methodology involved atmospheric correction, simultaneous retrieval of water parameters, bathymetry, water column correction and mapping. Atmospheric correction was performed by removing path radiance and aerosol contribution and dividing by atmospheric transmittance and incoming solar irradiance to obtain remote sensing reflectance. Model derived error minimization technique was used for simultaneous retrieval of water parameters and bathymetry. Derived water parameters were used to account for water column attenuation and retrieve concomitant true bottom signature.  相似文献   

The use of taxonomic distinctness indices in assessing patterns of biodiversity in modular organisms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stanislao Bevilacqua  Simonetta Fraschetti  Antonio Terlizzi  & Ferdinando Boero 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(2):151-163

Estimating diversity of modular organisms may be problematic due to actual difficulties in discriminating between 'individuals' and quantifying their abundances. Quantitative data, when available, are collected through methods that could preclude the application of classical diversity indices, making comparisons among studies difficult. Taxonomic distinctness indices, such as the 'Average Taxonomic Distinctness' (Δ⁺) and the 'Variation in Taxonomic Distinctness' (Λ⁺) may represent suitable tools in investigating diversity beyond the simple species number. The potential usefulness of such indices has been explored almost exclusively on unitary organisms, neglecting modular ones. In this study, we employed Δ⁺ and Λ⁺ to analyse patterns of diversity of epiphytic hydroid assemblages living on Cystoseira seaweeds at a hierarchy of spatial scales, along 800 km of rocky coast (SE Italy). ANOVA on species richness and Λ⁺ showed no significant difference in sample diversity at the investigated spatial scales. In contrast, there were significant differences at the scale of 10s of km in Δ⁺. Analyses based on simulations detected significant variations at all spatial scales in Δ⁺. Such findings underline the potential of Δ⁺ in highlighting relevant spatial scales of variation in patterns of hydroid diversity. Our results also suggest that the interplay between natural environmental variations and the complex ecological traits of modular organisms might affect taxonomic distinctness indices. We stress the need for further investigations focusing on modular organisms before any generalizations on the use of taxonomic relatedness measures in examining marine biodiversity can be made.  相似文献   

不同共代谢基质下三氯乙烯的厌氧生物降解研究     

郭莹  崔康平 《地下水》2014,(1):89-92

使用已驯化的厌氧活性污泥,分别以纯牛奶、玉米汁和甲苯作为共代谢基质,对三氯乙烯（ TCE）的降解性能进行对比研究。结果表明：TCE是通过还原脱氯发生降解的;同质量浓度下,甲苯是最佳共代谢基质,纯牛奶和玉米汁相对较差;且在一定范围内,共代谢基质浓度越大,TCE降解效果越好;实验数据的回归结果表明,反应均符合一级动力学。  相似文献